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A Beginner’s Guide to Pakistan’s State and Society

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Introduction: The Central Tension Formally a democracy, the Pakistani military remains in the driving seat for most key decisions. Much of the country's politics can be explained by this ongoing tug between elected institutions and military authority. This primer provides a compact mapping of contemporary Pakistan, detailing how the government is actually organized, what the rule of law really resembles, and the principal social problems it confronts. 1. The Structure of Government There are two parallel overlapping spheres of influence in the way Pakistan functions: the constitutional, civilian framework; and the informal, highly powerful military establishment. The balance shifts over time, but more often than not, it is the military that defines the outer limits of politics. The Formal Democratic Framework On paper, Pakistan is a parliamentary republic in which the Prime Minister, as chief executive, has the mandate to govern.  The President is the formal head of state, but his ...
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5 Surprising Truths About Registering a Company in India

1. Introduction Starting a business in India's booming economy is a very attractive opportunity for entrepreneurs from different parts of the world. The government has turned the incorporation process into an integrated online route, which appears quite seamless. Yet, beneath that apparently easy surface is hidden a complex web of invisible complications and counterintuitive realities that can easily mislead the unprepared.  For instance, many founders have a basic registration checklist and then find themselves getting taken by surprise over obligatory add-ons, tight deadlines, and critical post-incorporation duties that are not mentioned in step-by-step guides. Mastering such nuances makes the difference between a smooth takeoff and a frustrating spiral of delays and fines.  Herein are some surprising facts about company incorporation in India. By learning these unseen facts, you'll be able to make strategic decisions about the incorporation process, avoid common pitfalls, a...
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A Constitutional Analysis of the Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill, 2024

By Bhavya Ved Parihar, 5 th year Law student The recently enacted Maharashtra Special Public Security Bill, 2024, by the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, aims to address the threats being posed by allegedly "Left Wing Extremist organisations or similar organisations." The aim of maintaining public security and defending against extremism is constitutionally legitimate. But the means adopted here in this act are seriously constitutionally and legally questionable. Legally, more so in the view of constitutional law as well as of civil rights, the Bill is objectionable. It is characterized by vagueness, overbreadth, excessive limitation on fundamental rights, lack of procedural protection, and undue vesting of power in the executive. 1. Vagueness and the Principle of Legal Certainty One of the characteristics of a minimal requirement of a just criminal justice system is that the law itself should be clear and not ambiguous. The Maharashtra Bill, however, employs the undefined ...
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Universities Are Failing to do Their Job.

Universities have boomed in recent decades. Higher-education institutions across the world now employ in the order of 15m researchers, up from 4m in 1980. These workers produce five times the number of papers each year. Governments have ramped up spending on the sector. The justification for this rapid expansion has, in part, followed sound economic principles. Universities are supposed to produce intellectual and scientific breakthroughs that can be employed by businesses, the government and regular folk. Such ideas are placed in the public domain, available to all. In theory, therefore, universities should be an excellent source of productivity growth. In practice, however, the great expansion of higher education has coincided with a productivity slowdown. Whereas in the 1950s and 1960s workers’ output per hour across the rich world rose by 4% a year, in the decade before the covid-19 pandemic 1% a year was the norm. Even with the wave of innovation in artificial intelligence ( a...
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The Art of Disappearing

Self-isolation has always been my go-to when I need a breather. Like, I don't mind hanging out with people and all, but there are times when everything just feels too heavy, you know? It's not that I'm avoiding people or anything, it's just that I need some me-time, ya feel? There's something kinda nice about disappearing, you know? It's not about running away or anything like that; it's more about finding a place where I can just be by myself. It's like a little escape from everything and everyone around me. Sometimes I just want to ignore the world and everyone in it, you know? It's like my own little bubble. Disappearing helps me keep my sanity and emotions in check. It's not easy with everything going on around us all the time, you know? But disappearing gives me the chance to recharge and take a step back from everything. It's like a break from reality, you know? When I disappear, I can do whatever I want, you know? I can read a book, ta...
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